• Unlike our present results in week old

  2021-10-02

  

  Unlike our present results in 4–12-week-old (~1–3 months) females, where a high-fat-diet-induced increase in body weight was evident, Schmidt et al. exposed male glut3 mice to a similar high-fat diet (60% kilocalories from fat) and observed no change in body weight, plasma glucose or insulin concent

• Genomic studies have afforded new insight into the influence

  2021-10-02

  

  Genomic studies have afforded new insight into the influence of 71 8 structure on GR binding. An important clue came from genome-wide mapping of chromatin structure using DNase I hypersensitive site sequencing (DNase-seq), and comparing the locations of open chromatin to GBSs [10]. DNase-seq in the

• The classical genomic effects of GR come

  2021-10-02

  

  The classical genomic effects of GR come about through ligand-bound GR homodimerizing in the nucleus and via direct binding to GREs on the target genes, bringing about transcriptional activation or repression. Examples of target genes up-regulated by activated GR include genes encoding β2-adrenergic

• The caseins are a family of milk phosphoproteins

  2021-10-02

  

  The caseins are a family of milk phosphoproteins whose biological function is to provide supersaturating concentrations of calcium, phosphates, and essential DMAP to the neonate (Vonderhaar and Ziska, 1989). α- and β-caseins, the most abundant of the milk caseins, are described as calcium sensitive

• The co crystal structure of GPR

  2021-10-01

  

  The co-crystal structure of GPR40 complexed with TAK-875 provided precise structural information for the rational design of novel GPR40 agonists. The key interactions between the carboxylate with the residues Arg183, Arg258, Tyr91 and Tyr240 of GPR40 were observed. And Trp174ECL2 was oriented nearly

• The subcellular redistribution of some metabolic enzymes is

  2021-10-01

  

  The subcellular redistribution of some metabolic enzymes is dynamic and responsive to metabolic conditions. In the absence of glucose, Glucokinase (GK) is bound to its regulatory protein in the nucleus of the hepatocyte and translocates to the cytoplasm when sugar levels increase [12]. Muscle glycog

• Similar to in vitro data in

  2021-10-01

  

  Similar to in vitro data, in vivo studies have also revealed modulation of TLR4-induced inflammatory responses by AEA. The proposed AEA reuptake inhibitor AM404 has been shown to attenuate TLR4-induced increases in plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-1β, the latter effect mediated by CB1 receptor activatio

• Fatty acid amide hydrolase FAAH

  2021-10-01

  

  Fatty Remodelin amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a membrane-bound enzyme which releases arachidonic acid and ethanolamine by breaking amide bond of AEA. It also controls the cellular uptake of AEA, by creating and maintaining an inward concentration gradient leading to AEA-facilitated diffusion via a spec

• The even bigger surprise was

  2021-10-01

  

  The even bigger surprise was the second feature of both structures. Interestingly, binding of the MRG domain hardly altered the conformation of the SET domain compared with its apo state (An et al., 2011). What did change, however, is the conformation of the ASH1L auto-inhibitory loop (Figure 1). De

• The inhibition of HDAC increases the

  2021-10-01

  

  The inhibition of HDAC increases the level of histone acetylation and consequently turns the chromatin to be loose and active, allowing multiple transcription factors to access to promoters of diverse genes including tumor suppressor genes []. As compound possessed potent HDAC inhibitory activity a

• For a long time the mechanism for the TG lowering

  2021-10-01

  

  For a long time, the mechanism for the TG-lowering effect of nicotinic TH588 synthesis has been thought that the lowered NEFA substrate from adipose tissue limits TG production from the liver (so-called NEFA hypothesis) [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. However, recent emerging evidences have suggested the invo

• br Conflict of interest statement br Acknowledgements We

  2021-10-01

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgements We acknowledge the support of Zoetis Animal Health, Estrotect, Select Sires and Texas A&M AgriLife Research. The assistance of Randle Franke and Ernest Soto is also gratefully acknowledged. Background Luteal phase deficiency (LPD) is caused

• FFAR is highly expressed not only in cells but also

  2021-10-01

  

  FFAR1 is highly expressed not only in β cells but also in α Rapalink-1 (Segerstolpe et al., 2016), which gives the interesting perspective that 20-HETE may function both as an autocrine and as a paracrine regulator of islet cell function (Figure 1A), i.e., acting in symphony with the many other int

• br Glucocorticosteroid receptor structure and function The

  2021-10-01

  

  Glucocorticosteroid receptor structure and function The gene encoding for the human GR is composed of 9 exons (Oakley and Cidlowski, 2011) and the translated protein is described as having 4 functional regions. The protein contains a highly conserved central DNA-binding domain (DBD) or C-domain,

• br Regulation of GCK by intrinsic

  2021-10-01

  

  Regulation of GCK by intrinsic conformational dynamics GCK is a 465-residue, 52-kDa enzyme comprised of two domains, hereafter referred to as the large domain and the small domain, that are separated by a flexible hinge region. As with other proteins that adopt the hexokinase fold, substrates bin

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